He goes on to add a further distinction between things being in a particular way and things being in a universal way and that the former, while they cannot be said-of anything, can certainly be in something else 5. All ‘the things that are’ are either said-of something or not and either in something or not.Īccording to Aristotle there are four types of things, (i) things said-of something else, but not in something else, (ii) things said-of something and in something else, and (iii) things in something else, but not said-of something else, and (iv) things neither in something else nor said-of something else. However the second division or reality is divided into four. Lawson-Tancred, H, notes that this first division is mysterious since it is not clear whether things said with combination are meant to be sentences or merely elements of language more complicated than the most basic units 4. In the second chapter of the Categories, Aristotle gives two very general divisions, first of ‘things that are said’ into two kinds, those said with and those said without, combination ( sumploke), and then that of ‘the things that are’ into four kinds 3. it is in his book the Categories that Aristotle addresses the concepts of Categories, Substance and Accidents. He later founded the Lyceum and wrote most of his books from 2. He was a student of Plato in Athens until 384-7 when Plato died. Aristotle was born in 384 B.C, at Stagira in Thrace 1.
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